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The Daily Insight

Is cannabis a C3 or C4?

Author

Emily Wong

Updated on February 27, 2026

Is cannabis a C3 or C4?

This differential response of C3 and C4 plants to elevated CO2 and temperature can have important implications on crop-weed competition as most of the weeds are C4 and most of the crops are C3 plants.

What are the characteristics of a C3 plant?

C3 vs C4 Plants

C3 PlantsC4 Plants
Photorespiration is not suppressedPhotorespiration is suppressed
Carbon dioxide fixation is slow.Carbon dioxide fixation is faster.
Photosynthesis occurs when stomata are openPhotosynthesis occurs even when stomata are closed.

What is C3 plant species?

About 85% of plant species are C3 plants. They include the cereal grains: wheat, rice, barley, oats. Peanuts, cotton, sugar beets, tobacco, spinach, soybeans, and most trees are C3 plants. Most lawn grasses such as rye and fescue are C3 plants.

What does C3 plants produce?

C3 plants are plants in which the initial product of the assimilation of carbon dioxide through photosynthesis is 3-phosphoglycerate, which contains 3 carbon atoms.

What is photosynthesis in cannabis plants?

Basically, photosynthesis is the process that plants undergo to receive the energy needed grow. Whereas most animals (humans included) have to ingest their food in order to convert it into energy, plants receive theirs directly from the sun.

What are C4 plants?

C4 plants—including maize, sugarcane, and sorghum—avoid photorespiration by using another enzyme called PEP during the first step of carbon fixation. This step takes place in the mesophyll cells that are located close to the stomata where carbon dioxide and oxygen enter the plant.

What are the advantages of C3 photosynthesis?

Clearly, C3 plants have the advantage at lower temperatures, in which the rate of photorespiration, and hence wastage of carbon and energy, are low and C4 plants have the advantage at higher temperatures, in which photorespiratory rates in C3 plants are high.

Is C3 a tomato plant?

C3 plants are those, in which the first stable product of carbon fixation is 3-carbon compound 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). Tomato is a C3 plant.

What do C3 plants do at night?

C3 plants keep their stomata OPEN during the day when the sun is out and CLOSED at night when sun is not shining.

What is difference between C3 and C4 plants?

C3 plants use the C3 pathway or Calvin cycle for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. C4 plants use the C4 pathway or Hatch-Slack Pathway for the dark reaction of photosynthesis. These plants are cool-season plants, commonly found in cool and wet areas. These plants are warm-season plants, commonly found in dry areas.

Why C3 plants are more efficient?

Under high temperature and light, however, oxygen has a high affinity for the photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco. Oxygen can bind to Rubisco instead of carbon dioxide, and through a process called photorespiration, oxygen reduces C3 plant photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency.

How is photosynthesis similar in c4and CAM plants?

Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark.